If you want to work as a plumber in 2026, obtaining the appropriate license is often a legal requirement. However, one of the biggest challenges aspiring plumbers face is that licensing requirements are not the same across the country. Each state sets its own rules regarding training, work experience, examinations, fees, and specialty certifications.
As a result, finding accurate and up-to-date information can be time-consuming, with requirements scattered across multiple government websites and regulatory agencies.
To make the process easier, we’ve created this comprehensive guide to plumbing licensing requirements in every U.S. state. Whether you’re just starting your career, relocating to a new state, or planning to open your own plumbing business, this resource will help you understand what is required.
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In this guide, you’ll learn about:
Licensing costs and fees
Eligibility and experience requirements
Application and examination requirements
Training and apprenticeship duration
Business insurance and bonding requirements
Specialty licenses and certifications
Licensing authorities in each state
By the end, you’ll gain a clearer picture of the steps needed to become a licensed plumber, wherever you plan to work.
What Are the Common Plumbing Licensing Requirements Across the United States?
Plumbing licensing requirements in the United States are not federally standardized. Instead, licensing is regulated at the state, county, or municipal level. Qualifications, exams, fees, and experience requirements can vary from one jurisdiction to another.
However, even with the differing rules, most areas follow a similar licensing structure designed to ensure plumbers have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform work safely and in compliance with local codes.
The most common license levels include:
Apprentice or Trainee Plumber: Entry-level workers who learn the trade under the supervision of licensed plumbers, combining theory and on-the-job training. No exam is required in most states, but on-the-job training is essential.
Journeyman Plumber: Plumbers who have completed an apprenticeship and passed the state board examination. The license allows them to work independently on specialized areas such as residential repairs or new construction.
Master Plumber: Experienced professionals who meet advanced experience requirements, pass a higher-level exam, and sometimes obtain additional specialty licenses for certain types of plumbing work. Master plumbers often supervise journeymen and apprentices, and they can own plumbing businesses, pull permits, and handle complex projects.
Plumbing Contractor: Individuals or businesses licensed to operate plumbing companies, bid on projects, and employ licensed plumbers.
Specialty Licenses: Some jurisdictions offer licenses for specialized work such as medical gas systems, backflow prevention, irrigation, or pipefitting, depending on local regulations.
What Steps Are Generally Involved in Getting a Plumbing License?
The licensing process for plumbers in the U.S. varies by state, county, and municipality. However, most jurisdictions follow a similar pathway. The steps below provide a general overview of what aspiring plumbers can expect:
Meet basic eligibility requirements: Most applicants must be at least 18 years old and possess a high school diploma or GED.
Complete an apprenticeship or training program: Gain hands-on experience and classroom instruction under the supervision of licensed plumbers.
Accumulate required work experience: Most jurisdictions require a specific number of hours or years of practical plumbing experience before advancing.
Apply for a journeyman license: Submit documentation verifying training and work experience.
Pass a licensing examination: Demonstrate knowledge of plumbing systems, safety standards, and local plumbing codes.
Gain additional professional experience: Continue working in the plumbing trade to qualify for higher license levels.
Apply for a master plumber license: Meet advanced experience requirements and pass any required examinations.
Obtain a plumbing contractor license (if applicable): Fulfill additional business, insurance, and licensing requirements to operate a plumbing company.
Keep in mind that this is only a general overview. The exact qualifications and licensing requirements vary significantly from one state to another, as you’ll see next.
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States A-E
Alabama
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Alabama requires plumbers and plumbing businesses to hold the appropriate state-issued certification or registration before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Individuals begin as registered apprentices, complete at least two years of apprenticeship training or equivalent documented experience, and then pass the journeyman plumber examination. Next, to qualify for the master plumber examination, an individual must hold a journeyman plumber certification for at least one year.
Licensing authority: Alabama Plumbers and Gas Fitters Examining Board.
Business insurance/bond required: Alabama requires plumbing companies to register with the board and maintain a designated Principal Master. While the board’s licensing materials clearly outline registration and certification requirements, insurance and bonding requirements may also be imposed by local jurisdictions, project owners, and other state licensing authorities, depending on the scope of work.
View the full Alabama Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
Alaska
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Alaska regulates plumbing work at the state level and requires appropriate licenses or Certificates of Fitness for individuals performing plumbing work and for businesses operating as plumbing contractors.
Licensing requirements: Individuals typically begin as apprentices and gain supervised work experience before qualifying for a journeyman plumber license. Journeymen may advance to master plumber status after meeting additional experience requirements and passing examinations. Plumbing contractors must hold the appropriate contractor credentials and comply with state licensing regulations.
Alaska also recognizes specialized plumbing-related classifications and mechanical administrator licenses for certain types of work.
Licensing authority: Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors are generally required to maintain contractor bonding and insurance as part of the contractor licensing process. Additional insurance or bonding requirements may apply depending on the municipality, project type, or contracting authority. Applicants should verify current requirements with the state before applying.
View the full Alaska Plumber License Requirements.
Arizona
Statewide licensing required: Yes (for plumbing contractors). Arizona does not issue a statewide journeyman plumber license; instead, plumbing work is regulated through contractor licensing at the state level.
Licensing requirements: To work independently as a plumbing contractor, individuals must apply through the Arizona Registrar of Contractors. Applicants typically need at least four years of journeyman experience, must pass a trade examination, and demonstrate knowledge of plumbing codes and business practices. There are two main classifications:
R-37 (Residential Plumbing Contractor): for residential plumbing work.
C-37 (Commercial Plumbing Contractor): for commercial and industrial plumbing work.
Licensing authority: Arizona Registrar of Contractors.
Business insurance/bond required: Plumbing contractors in Arizona must obtain a contractor’s license bond and carry general liability insurance as part of the licensing process.
Bond amounts vary depending on license classification and projected annual work volume, while insurance requirements help ensure financial protection for clients and compliance with state regulations.
View the full Arizona Plumbing License Requirements.
Arkansas
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Arkansas requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Applicants typically begin by registering as an apprentice plumber and completing supervised on-the-job training. After completing four years of documented work under a licensed plumber, you can apply for a journeyman license.
Then, after a year working with your journeyman license, you become eligible to apply for a master plumbing license. To operate a plumbing business, a separate plumbing contractor license is required. Arkansas also offers specialty licenses for specific systems, such as medical gas and backflow prevention.
Licensing authority: Arkansas Department of Health – Plumbing and Natural Gas Section.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Arkansas are generally required to maintain a contractor’s bond and provide proof of liability insurance as part of licensing and business registration requirements.
Additional bonding or insurance conditions may apply depending on the scope of work and project requirements.
View the full Arkansas Plumbing License Requirements.
California
Statewide licensing required: Yes. California requires a state-issued contractor license to perform or supervise plumbing work exceeding a certain monetary threshold or when operating as a plumbing business.
Licensing requirements: Plumbing work in California is regulated through contractor licensing rather than individual journeyman/master state licenses. To operate as a plumbing contractor, individuals must obtain a C-36 Plumbing Contractor License.
Applicants typically need at least four years of journeyman experience, must pass a trade exam and law/business exam, and submit proof of relevant work history.
Licensing authority: Contractors State License Board (CSLB).
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. California requires plumbing contractors to carry a contractor’s license bond and maintain workers’ compensation insurance if they have employees.
Businesses must submit a $25,000 contractor bond and proof of workers’ compensation insurance (or liability insurance for LLCs).
View the full California Plumbing License Requirements.
Colorado
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Colorado requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level to legally perform regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: After two years of documented work under a licensed plumber, you can apply to get your residential plumber’s license. After four years of documented work under a licensed plumber, you can apply to get your journeyman license.
After five years total, you can apply to become a master plumber in Colorado. Plumbing contractors must also meet state registration requirements if operating a business.
Colorado offers specialty certifications for tasks such as medical gas and residential plumbing.
Licensing authority: Colorado State Plumbing Board, which operates under the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA).
Business insurance/bond required: Yes (for contractors). Plumbing contractors are generally required to carry liability insurance and may need bonding depending on the type of work and contracting structure. Additional insurance requirements may apply for employers and larger commercial projects.
View the full Colorado Plumbing License Requirements.
Connecticut
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Connecticut requires plumbers to be licensed by the state before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Connecticut offers eight specific plumbing licenses based on the exact scope of the work. Each of the plumbing licenses has a distinct code, scope of work permitted, and specific requirements to qualify for licensure.
Connecticut issues licenses at the contractor and journeyman level.
To qualify to take the examination for any of the contractor-level licenses, you will need to demonstrate two years of documented work as a licensed journeyman.
You must have also completed a registered apprenticeship program or accumulated the equivalent experience and training over a certain number of hours, depending on the complexity of the scope of work.
Licensing authority: Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (DCP)—Occupational and Professional Licensing Division.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes, plumbing contractors are generally required to carry liability insurance and may need a surety bond depending on license type and business structure. Insurance and bonding requirements help ensure consumer protection and compliance with state contracting laws.
View the full Connecticut Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
Delaware
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Delaware requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Plumbing candidates in Delaware can pursue apprentice plumber, journeyman plumber, master plumber, and plumbing contractor licenses, and each requires varying levels of on-the-job training and classroom instruction. Plumbing contractors must also meet additional requirements to legally operate a plumbing business in the state.
Licensing authority: Delaware Board of Plumbing, Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Examiners, operating under the Delaware Division of Professional Regulation.
Business insurance/bond required: Plumbing contractors are generally required to maintain liability insurance and may need a surety bond depending on business structure and scope of work. A Delaware business license is also required through the Division of Revenue for those operating a plumbing business.
View the full Delaware Plumber License Requirements.
States F-J
Florida
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Florida requires plumbers and plumbing businesses to hold a state-issued contractor license before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Individuals typically work as apprentices under supervision while completing required training hours. To perform plumbing work independently, candidates must obtain a Certified Plumbing Contractor or Registered Plumbing Contractor license.
A State Certified License allows you to work anywhere in the state of Florida. But you must pass the State of Florida’s licensing examination to earn it.
In addition, a State Registered License allows you to work only in the locality where you passed that locality’s competency exam. Keep in mind that each county has its own licensure requirements.
Licensing authority: Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR) – Construction Industry Licensing Board.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Florida plumbing contractors are required to carry general liability insurance and, in some cases, workers’ compensation insurance, depending on business structure and employee status.
Financial responsibility requirements may also include bonding or proof of financial stability as part of contractor licensing.
View the full Florida Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
Georgia
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Georgia requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level to perform regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Georgia offers three plumbing licenses: namely Journeyman License, Master License Class 1 Restricted, and Master License Class 2 Unrestricted.
Individuals typically begin as apprentice plumbers, gaining supervised on-the-job training while completing technical instruction. After meeting the required experience (usually around four years), candidates may apply for a journeyman plumber license, which requires passing a state examination.
With additional experience (often, at least two years as a journeyman) plumbers can apply for a master plumber license, which allows them to supervise projects, pull permits, and operate independently.
Licensing authority: Georgia State Division of Master and Journeyman Plumbers, operating under the Georgia Secretary of State.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes (for contractors). Plumbing contractors are generally required to have liability insurance and may need a surety bond depending on license type and project scope.
Workers’ compensation insurance may also be required if the business employs workers.
View the full Georgia Plumbing License Requirements.
Hawaii
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Hawaii requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level to perform regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Individuals typically begin as apprentice plumbers, completing supervised on-the-job training and classroom instruction. After meeting required experience hours (commonly around four years) applicants may qualify for a journeyman plumber license, which requires passing a state examination.
With additional experience, plumbers can apply for a master plumber license, which allows them to supervise others, obtain permits, and operate independently.
To run a plumbing business, individuals must obtain a plumbing contractor license, which includes additional business and regulatory requirements.
Licensing authority: Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs, Professional and Vocational Licensing Division.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Hawaii are generally required to maintain a surety bond and carry liability insurance as part of contractor licensing requirements.
Additional insurance requirements may apply depending on business structure and project scope.
View the full Hawaii Plumber License Requirements.
Idaho
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Idaho requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level to perform regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Individuals typically begin as apprentice plumbers, completing supervised on-the-job training and classroom instruction. After gaining sufficient experience (commonly around four years or approximately 8,000 hours of work experience) candidates may apply for a journeyman plumber license, which requires passing the state examination.
To become a plumbing contractor, you need to work for a minimum of 30 months as a licensed journeyman plumber. Idaho also offers some specialty plumbing licenses that require additional training.
Licensing authority: Idaho Division of Occupational and Professional Licenses.
Business insurance/bond required: Plumbing contractors in Idaho are generally required to register and maintain a surety bond as part of contractor licensing requirements.
Liability insurance and workers’ compensation coverage may also be required, depending on business structure and whether the contractor employs workers.
View the full Idaho Plumbing License Requirements.
Illinois
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Illinois requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: The state issues five different types of licenses: apprentice plumber’s license, plumber’s license, plumbing contractor license, irrigation contractor license, and retired plumber license. Apprentices need to work under a licensed plumber for at least four years and demonstrate 144 hours of classroom instruction before applying for licensure.
If you wish to own your own business, you must apply to be a plumbing contractor. Plumbing contractors must maintain minimum general liability insurance, bodily injury insurance, property damage insurance, and workers’ compensation. Illinois also offers specialized certifications for certain plumbing-related systems, depending on the scope of work.
Licensing authority: Illinois Department of Public Health—Plumbing Program.
Business insurance/bond required: Plumbing contractors in Illinois are generally required to carry liability insurance and may need a surety bond as part of contractor registration. Additional insurance requirements may apply depending on whether the plumber employs workers or undertakes large commercial projects.
View the full Illinois Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
Indiana
Statewide licensing required: Yes, Indiana requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level to perform regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: To qualify to take the journeyman examination and become licensed, you must provide evidence of at least four years in an apprenticeship approved by the commission or be a licensed plumber in another state.
To qualify to take the contractor exam and become licensed, you must be an Indiana resident, at least 18 years old, and provide evidence that you have completed at least four years in an apprenticeship approved by the commission, be a licensed plumber in another state, or provide proof of four years in the plumbing business under the direction of a licensed plumbing contractor.
Licensing authority: Indiana Professional Licensing Agency, Plumbing Commission (IPLA).
Business insurance/bond required: Plumbing contractors in Indiana are generally required to carry a surety bond and maintain liability insurance as part of licensing requirements. Workers’ compensation insurance may also be required if the business employs staff or undertakes larger contracting projects.
View the full Indiana Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
Iowa
Statewide licensing required: Iowa requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: The state of Iowa requires a license to legally perform plumbing work of any kind. The state licenses every level of this workforce, including apprentices, technicians, journeymen, masters, and contractors.
Licensing authority: Iowa Department of Inspections, Appeals & Licensing, Plumbing and Mechanical Systems Board.
Business insurance/bond required: Plumbing contractors in Iowa are generally required to maintain a surety bond and provide proof of liability insurance as part of contractor licensing and registration requirements. Additional insurance requirements may apply depending on business structure and employment status.
View the full Iowa Plumbing License Requirements.
States K-O
Kansas
Statewide licensing required: Kansas doesn’t offer plumbing licensing at the state level, and instead issues licenses at the local level. Typically, Kansas cities license plumbing apprentices, journeymen, and master plumbers.
Licensing requirements: Check at the local level.
Licensing authority: The Sedgwick County Metropolitan Area Building and Construction Department (MABCD) is the licensing board for Wichita, Kansas. Wichita plumbers who wish to operate their own businesses need to obtain a Trade Contractors License from the MABCD board of plumbing examiners.
Meanwhile, the City of Topeka Development Services Division is responsible for issuing plumbing licenses, including apprentice, journeyman, and master plumber licenses. Topeka plumbers who wish to operate their own businesses need to obtain a Trade Contractors License.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes (for contractors). Plumbing contractors in Kansas are generally required to register their business and may need to provide a surety bond and proof of liability insurance, depending on the scope of work and employment structure. Requirements can vary based on project type and local regulations.
View the full Kansas Plumbing License Requirements.
Kentucky
Statewide licensing required: Kentucky requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Kentucky provides journeyman and master licenses, as well as contractor registration for businesses. However, Kentucky does not require you to have a license to begin working and learning as a plumber’s apprentice, as long as you are directly supervised by a licensed journeyman plumber and generally supervised by a licensed master plumber.
Licensing authority: Department of Housing, Buildings, and Construction.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Kentucky are generally required to carry liability insurance and may need a surety bond as part of licensing requirements. Insurance and bonding are often required to comply with state construction regulations and provide protection for clients and projects.
View the full Kentucky Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
Louisiana
Statewide licensing required: Louisiana requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work, especially for commercial and larger-scale projects.
Licensing requirements: The Board issues two kinds of plumber licenses—journeyman and master—and also requires all plumbing apprentices to register. To legally perform plumbing work valued at more than $10,000 in labor and materials in the state, you must also be licensed as a commercial contractor.
Licensing authority: The State Plumbing Board of Louisiana issues journeyman and master licenses, and the Louisiana State Licensing Board for Contractors covers commercial contractor work above certain project thresholds.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes, plumbing contractors in Louisiana are generally required to carry liability insurance and obtain a surety bond as part of contractor licensing requirements. Additional insurance obligations may apply depending on project size, classification, and whether the contractor employs workers.
View the full Louisiana Plumbing License Requirements.
Maine
Statewide licensing required: Maine requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: The state licenses every level of this workforce from trainee to master. Maine issues four plumber licenses: trainee plumber, journeyman-in-training plumber, journeyman plumber, and master plumber. Each classification has specific license requirements.
Licensing authority: The Office of Professional and Occupational Regulation in Maine oversees the Plumbers’ Examining Board and issues the licenses.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
Also, additional insurance requirements may apply for businesses with employees or larger commercial projects.
View the full Maine Plumbing License Requirements.
Maryland
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: To join this workforce legally, you must begin by registering as an apprentice. After four years of documented work under a licensed plumber, you can apply for your own journeyman license. Then, after two more years working with your journeyman license, you can apply to become a master plumber in Maryland. There are serious penalties if you defy this state law.
Maryland also offers specialty certifications for certain systems like backflow prevention.
Licensing authority: Plumbing licenses are issued by the Maryland Board of Plumbing, one of 21 licensing boards that fall under the Maryland Department of Labor—Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Maryland are generally required to carry liability insurance and may need a surety bond as part of licensing and contractor registration requirements.
Additional insurance obligations may apply depending on business structure and employment status.
View the full Maryland Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
Massachusetts
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: Individuals begin as apprentice plumbers, completing supervised on-the-job training and classroom instruction through an approved program. After completing required hours (commonly about five years of combined training and experience), candidates may apply for a journeyman plumber license, which requires passing a state examination.
With additional experience (usually at least one year as a journeyman), plumbers may qualify for a master plumber license, allowing them to supervise others, obtain permits, and operate independently. A separate plumbing contractor license is required to operate a plumbing business in the state. Massachusetts also offers specialty licenses, such as for gas fitting.
Licensing authority: The Massachusetts Division of Professional Licensure issues all the professional licenses in the commonwealth, while the state regulates plumbers through the Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Insurance requirements are strictly enforced, especially for businesses employing workers or undertaking commercial projects.
View the full Massachusetts Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
Michigan
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: To perform any plumbing work legally in Michigan, you must be licensed through the state. You begin by registering as an apprentice. After three years (6,000 hours) of documented work under a licensed, authorized master plumber, you can apply to get your journeyman plumber license.
After holding your journeyman license for two years (4,000 hours) of documented work, you can apply to get your master plumber license. Each license is a building block that leads to the next.
If you want a plumbing contractor license, you either need to hold a master plumber license yourself or employ someone who is licensed as a master plumber.
Michigan also offers specialty licenses for areas such as medical gas piping and sewer installation.
Licensing authority: The Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs oversees all of the professional licensing in the state. The Bureau of Construction Codes is responsible for all the skilled trades, including electricians, mechanical contractors, and plumbers who are licensed through the Plumbing Division.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Michigan are generally required to maintain a surety bond and carry liability insurance as part of licensing requirements. Additional insurance may be required depending on business structure, employee status, and project scope.
View the full Michigan Plumbing License Requirements.
Minnesota
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: To join this workforce legally, you must begin by registering as an unlicensed individual (formerly known as an apprentice). After four years of documented work under a licensed journeyworker (the term used instead of ‘journeyman’ in Minnesota) or licensed master plumber, you can apply to take the journeyworker plumber examination to earn your license. After working as a licensed journeyworker plumber for another year, you can apply to take the master plumber examination.
Licensing authority: Department of Labor and Industry.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Minnesota are generally required to maintain a surety bond and carry liability insurance as part of contractor licensing requirements.
Additional insurance obligations may apply depending on business structure and whether the contractor employs workers.
View the full Minnesota Plumbing License Requirements.
Mississippi
Statewide licensing required: Partial (by project size).
Licensing requirements: The state of Mississippi does not license plumbing contractors who work on projects valued at less than $10,000. Instead, it falls to the local jurisdictions. The state does require a commercial license for plumbing, HVAC, or electrical work of $10,000 or more.
A commercial license is required for commercial work over $50,000. Residential building work over $50,000 requires a residential builder license from the Mississippi State Board of Contractors (MSBOC).
Licensing authority: MSBOC.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Mississippi are generally required to maintain a surety bond and carry liability insurance as part of licensing requirements. Additional insurance requirements may apply depending on business structure and project type.
View the full Mississippi Plumbing License Requirements.
Missouri
Statewide licensing required: No. Missouri does not have a statewide plumbing license. Instead, plumbing licensing is generally administered by local cities, counties, and municipalities, with requirements varying by jurisdiction. Major cities such as Kansas City and St. Louis maintain their own licensing programs.
Licensing requirements: Because licensing is handled locally, requirements vary across the state. Most jurisdictions follow a progression from apprentice plumber to journeyman plumber and then master plumber, with candidates typically required to gain supervised work experience and pass local examinations. Contractors operating a plumbing business may need additional local contractor registration or licensing.
Licensing authority: There is no single statewide plumbing licensing authority. Instead, local government agencies, building departments, and licensing boards in individual cities and counties oversee plumber licensing and permit requirements.
Business insurance/bond required: Varies by locality. Missouri does not impose a uniform statewide insurance or bonding requirement for all plumbers.
However, many municipalities and project owners require plumbing contractors to carry general liability insurance, workers’ compensation coverage (where applicable), and sometimes a surety bond.
View the full Missouri Plumbing License Requirements.
Montana
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: Montana requires licensure at the journeyman and master levels. While there is no contractor license, plumbing contractors and apprentices need to register with the state.
Licensing authority: Montana Department of Labor & Industry, Business Standards Division. Specifically, the Montana Board of Plumbers licenses and regulates the industry.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Montana are generally required to maintain workers’ compensation coverage (if they have employees) and may need liability insurance and contractor registration depending on the nature of their business. Additional bonding requirements may apply for certain projects or local jurisdictions.
View the full Montana Plumber License Requirements.
Nebraska
Statewide licensing required: Mixed.
Licensing requirements: Nebraska requires licenses for apprentices, journeymen, and master plumbers. Individual cities issue plumbing licenses.
Licensing authority:
Omaha, Nebraska: The City of Omaha Planning Department issues apprentice plumber certificates, journeyman plumber licenses, and master plumber licenses.
Lincoln, Nebraska: The City of Lincoln’s Building and Safety Department issues licenses for master plumber contractors, master plumbers, journeyman plumbers, and plumber’s apprentices. The city also issues other plumbing-related licenses, including water conditioning contractor and installer, and master, journeyman, and apprentice gas fitter licenses.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Nebraska are generally required to register with the state and maintain liability insurance. Workers’ compensation insurance may also be required for businesses with employees. Certain municipalities or project owners may impose additional bonding requirements.
View the full Nebraska Plumber License Requirements.
Nevada
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Nevada requires plumbing contractors to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: To apply for a license, you must gain experience through an apprenticeship program or supervised employment. Next, to operate independently as a plumbing contractor, you need at least four years of journeyman experience within the past 10 years. In addition, you need to pass a trade, business, or law examination and meet financial responsibility requirements. Nevada issues contractor classifications for plumbing work, including residential and commercial plumbing projects.
Licensing authority: Nevada Board of Plumbing Examiners Journeyman and Master Plumber.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Nevada plumbing contractors are generally required to obtain a contractor license bond, maintain workers’ compensation insurance if they have employees, and meet other financial responsibility requirements established by the Nevada State Contractors Board. Additional liability insurance requirements may apply depending on the scope of work and business structure.
View the full Nevada Plumber License Requirements.
New Hampshire
Statewide licensing required: Yes. New Hampshire requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Individuals begin as apprentice plumbers in a supervised on-the-job training program. After meeting the required experience and training requirements (generally around 8,000 hours of practical experience) candidates may apply for a journeyman plumber license, which requires passing a state examination.
With additional experience as a journeyman, plumbers may qualify for a master plumber license, allowing them to supervise plumbing work, obtain permits, and operate independently. Those wishing to run a plumbing business must also comply with applicable contractor and business registration requirements.
Licensing authority: New Hampshire Office of Professional Licensure and Certification (OPLC).
Business insurance/bond required: Plumbing contractors in New Hampshire are generally required to maintain liability insurance and comply with workers’ compensation requirements if they have employees. Bonding requirements may apply depending on the type of work, local regulations, or project-specific requirements.
View the full New Hampshire Plumber License Requirements.
New Jersey
Statewide licensing required: Yes. New Jersey requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Applicants must be at least 21 years old, complete four years of apprenticeship and one year as a registered journeyman plumber, or hold a bachelor’s degree in engineering plus one year of journeyman experience.
Licensing authority: New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs. Specifically, the State Board of Examiners of Master Plumbers.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes, plumbing contractors in New Jersey are generally required to maintain liability insurance and comply with workers’ compensation insurance requirements if they employ workers. Additional bonding or financial responsibility requirements may apply depending on the scope of work and contracting structure.
View the full New Jersey Plumber License Requirements.
New Mexico
Statewide licensing required: Yes. New Mexico requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Individuals typically begin as apprentice plumbers, completing supervised on-the-job training and classroom instruction through a registered apprenticeship program.
After meeting the required experience hours (commonly around four years), candidates may apply for a journeyman plumber license, which requires passing a state examination. With additional experience (often at least two years as a journeyman) plumbers may qualify for a plumbing contractor license, which allows them to supervise others, obtain permits, and operate a plumbing business.
New Mexico also offers specialty certifications for certain plumbing systems, depending on the scope of work.
Licensing authority: New Mexico Regulation and Licensing Department via the Construction Industries Division, which oversees plumber licensing, examinations, renewals, and enforcement statewide.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in New Mexico are generally required to maintain a surety bond and general liability insurance as part of contractor licensing requirements. Workers’ compensation insurance may also be required depending on business structure and whether the contractor employs workers.
View the full New Mexico Plumber License Requirements.
New York
Licensing requirements: New York does not issue plumbing licenses at the state level. Instead, licensing and oversight are handled by individual cities and counties, and requirements can vary significantly depending on where you plan to work.
New York City
To work as an unsupervised plumber in NYC, you'll need a Master Plumber license issued by the NYC Department of Buildings. The city also issues Apprentice and Journeyman licenses for plumbers working under supervision.
Qualifying for a Master Plumber license in NYC requires either:
Seven years of practical plumbing experience within the previous 10 years, or
A bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering combined with the required practical experience
Because rules and requirements differ across other cities and counties in the state, always confirm the specifics with your local licensing authority before beginning work.
View the full New York Plumber License Requirements.
Licensing authority: Check local regulations.
Business insurance/bond required: Check local regulations.
North Carolina
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: In the state of North Carolina, to legally perform plumbing work of any kind, you must be a licensed contractor or work under someone who is a licensed contractor. North Carolina does not license at the journey or master plumber level.
There are three main plumber’s licenses for contractors in North Carolina and a sublicense for plumbing technicians.
P-I (Plumbing-Class I) contractor
P-II (Plumbing-Class II) contractor
RLP (Restricted Limited Plumbing) contractor
Plumbing technician
Licensing authority: State Board of Examiners of Plumbing, Heating, and Fire Sprinkler Contractors.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in North Carolina are generally required to maintain liability insurance and may need a surety bond depending on license classification and scope of work. Workers’ compensation insurance may also be required for businesses with employees.
View the full North Carolina Plumbing License Requirements.
North Dakota
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: To qualify for a journeyman plumber license, applicants must complete four years of apprenticeship equating to 7,600 hours under a licensed master plumber. Additionally, plumbers need to obtain a state-issued general contractor’s license from the North Dakota Secretary of State’s office.
Licensing authority: North Dakota State Plumbing Board.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full North Dakota Plumber License Requirements.
Ohio
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Ohio requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work, particularly for journeyman and contractor roles.
Licensing requirements: To legally perform plumbing work in the state of Ohio, you must be a licensed commercial contractor or an apprentice working under a licensed plumber. There is no state-level license for either a journeyman or master plumber level.
To become a licensed plumbing contractor in Ohio, you’ll need five years of plumbing experience, an exam ($138), fees ($25), $500K liability coverage, and a clear background check.
However, many cities, such as Cleveland, Columbus, and Toledo, as well as other local jurisdictions, have additional licensing or registration requirements of their own for journeyman plumbers, so be sure to check where you plan to work.
Licensing authority: Ohio Construction Industry Licensing Board, which operates under the Ohio Department of Commerce.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full Ohio Plumbing License Requirements.
Oklahoma
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: To legally perform plumbing work in the state of Oklahoma, you must be licensed or registered as an apprentice working under a licensed contractor.
Some of Oklahoma’s cities still retain the authority to require state-licensed tradesmen to register with their own governing agencies, so you always want to check with the jurisdiction where you intend to work to make sure you are following local requirements.
In Oklahoma City, for example, plumbing contractors must pay a fee to register their state licenses with the city before they can begin work.
Licensing authority: Oklahoma Construction Industries Board—Plumbing Division.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Oklahoma are generally required to maintain a surety bond of $5,000 and proof of at least $50,000 in general liability insurance.
View the full Oklahoma Plumbing License Requirements.
Oregon
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: Oregon plumbing license types include journeyman plumber, solar heating and cooling installer, water-treatment installer, residential water-heater installer, and plumbing business contractor.
To qualify as a plumbing contractor, you must complete 576 hours of classroom training along with 3,850 hours of commercial plumbing experience and 3,850 hours of residential plumbing experience, or qualify without classroom training by documenting 7,700 hours of commercial plumbing experience and 7,700 hours of residential plumbing experience under a comparable license.
Licensing authority: The Oregon Building Codes Division Office issues non-contracting plumbing licenses, while the Oregon Construction Contractors Board issues contracting plumbing licenses.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full Oregon Plumbing License Requirements.
States P-T
Pennsylvania
Statewide licensing required: No. Pennsylvania does not have a statewide plumbing license. Licensing and regulation are handled at the local (city or municipality) level, so requirements vary across the state.
Licensing requirements: Because regulation is local, requirements differ by city or municipality. Most areas follow a similar pathway: Apprentice → Journeyman Plumber → Master Plumber, with applicants required to complete supervised work experience and pass local examinations.
Some municipalities also require separate contractor registration or permits to operate a plumbing business.
Licensing authority: There is no single statewide authority. Plumbing licensing is managed by individual city building departments or municipal licensing boards (for example, Philadelphia has its own Plumbing Advisory Board and licensing system).
Business insurance/bond required: Varies by locality.
View the full Pennsylvania Plumbing License Requirements.
Rhode Island
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Rhode Island requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: To apply for a journeyman license, you need five years of plumbing experience and 576 hours of approved classroom training. To apply for a master plumber license, you need at least five years of plumbing experience and must have held a journeyman license for at least one year before taking the master test.
Licensing authority: Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training Plumbers and Irrigators.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full Rhode Island Plumbing Licensing Requirements.
South Carolina
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: To be a commercial plumbing contractor in South Carolina or a residential plumbing contractor, you must be licensed through the state. However, when you start out as an entry-level plumber’s helper, you do not need a license—you just need to work for somebody who has one.
To get a license, applicants are generally required to have a minimum of one year of hands-on plumbing experience gained while working under the supervision of a licensed plumbing contractor. They must also provide documentation to verify their experience, which may include a credit report, W-2 forms, 1099 forms, academic transcripts, professional certifications, photographs of completed work, or other supporting records.
Licensing authority: The South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation oversees both the Contractor’s Licensing Board, which licenses commercial contractors, and the Residential Builders Commission, which licenses residential plumbers.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full South Carolina Plumbing License Requirements.
South Dakota
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: To qualify for a contractor license, candidates must demonstrate six years of plumbing-related experience, gained as a plumbing contractor, licensed plumber, or apprentice. At least two of those years must have been spent working as a contractor or plumber.
Applicants are also required to provide evidence of a minimum of 1,900 hours worked annually throughout the six-year period and submit a completed application along with the applicable licensing fee.
Additionally, state-level licensing is required for sewer and water contractors, appliance installers, water conditioning installers, mobile home installers, and underground irrigation installers.
Licensing authority: Department of Labor and Regulation.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full South Dakota Plumbing License Requirements.
Tennessee
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Tennessee requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: In many cases, you need a minimum of 8,000 hours (or four years) of work experience and anywhere from 576 to 900 hours of classroom-based instruction to be eligible to apply for your local journeyman plumber’s license. This can be done through completing a degree at a technical college and then working for a licensed plumber.
Licenses are issued at both the state and local levels. Cities and counties throughout the state issue traditional journeyman or master contractor local licenses.
Licensing authority: The state-level licenses are issued by the Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance through the Tennessee Board for Licensing Contractors.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full Tennessee Plumbing License Requirements.
Texas
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: There are four types of plumbing licenses in Texas—tradesman plumber-limited, journeyman plumber, master plumber, and plumbing inspector—and each requires that you first register as an apprentice.
Each license classification requires different training requirements.
Licensing authority: Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full Texas Plumbing License Requirements.
States U-Z
Utah
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: To obtain a journeyman plumber license, applicants must successfully complete an approved plumbing apprenticeship program, accumulate 8,000 hours of qualifying work experience, and pass both the Utah Theory and Practical Plumbing examinations. To advance to a residential master plumber license, candidates must complete an additional 4,000 hours of experience as a licensed journeyman and pass the Utah Master Plumber Law and Rules examination.
Licensing authority: Division of Professional Licensing.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full Utah Plumbing License Requirements.
Vermont
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Vermont requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Journeyman license applicants must provide documentary proof of a plumbing apprenticeship and pass an exam. Master license applicants must have held a journeyman plumbing license for at least one year and also pass an exam. Vermont also offers specialty endorsements, such as for water treatment or backflow prevention.
Licensing authority: Vermont Department of Public Safety, Division of Fire Safety.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Vermont are generally required to maintain liability insurance and may need a surety bond depending on business structure and project type.
Workers’ compensation insurance is also required for businesses with employees.
View the full Vermont Plumbing License Requirements.
Virginia
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Virginia requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Both journeyman and master plumber applicants are required to successfully complete the applicable licensing examination. In Virginia, plumbers who intend to undertake projects exceeding $1,000 in value must also obtain the appropriate contractor license through the Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation before performing the work.
Licensing authority: Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation—Board for Contractors.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full Virginia Plumbing License Requirements.
Washington
Statewide licensing required: Yes.
Licensing requirements: Individuals typically begin as plumber trainees (apprentices) completing supervised on-the-job training and classroom instruction through a registered apprenticeship program. After meeting the required experience hours (commonly around 8,000 hours) candidates may apply for a journey-level plumber license, which requires passing a state examination.
With additional experience, plumbers may qualify for a plumbing contractor license, which allows them to supervise work, obtain permits, and operate a plumbing business. Washington also offers specialty certifications, such as medical gas piping and backflow assembly testing.
Licensing authority: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries.
Business insurance/bond required: Plumbing contractors in Washington are generally required to maintain a $6,000 continuous surety bond.
View the full Washington Plumber License Requirements.
West Virginia
Statewide licensing required: Yes. The state of West Virginia requires licensure to legally perform any plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: Any plumbing contractor who performs work on projects over $2,500 must take and pass a business and law exam in addition to the master plumber exam.
The state licenses every level of this workforce: plumber in training, journeyman, master, and contractor.
Licensing authority: West Virginia Division of Labor.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes.
View the full West Virginia Plumbing License Requirements.
Wisconsin
Statewide licensing required: Yes. Wisconsin requires plumbers to be licensed at the state level before performing regulated plumbing work.
Licensing requirements: The Trades Credentialing Division requires individuals to complete an approved apprenticeship program and demonstrate four to five years of classroom education and work experience. With additional experience, Wisconsin offers a master plumber license. To own a plumbing business in Wisconsin, you’ll also need to obtain a dwelling contractor certification.
Licensing authority: Department of Safety and Professional Services.
Business insurance/bond required: Yes. Plumbing contractors in Wisconsin are generally required to maintain a surety bond and carry liability insurance as part of contractor licensing requirements. Workers’ compensation insurance is also required for businesses with employees.
View the full Wisconsin Plumbing License Requirements.
Wyoming
Statewide licensing required: No, Wyoming does not offer a state license, since plumbing licenses are issued at the local level.
Licensing requirements: Check local requirements.
Licensing authority: Each city has a licensing board.
Business insurance/bond required: Check local requirements.
View the full Wyoming Plumbing License Requirements.
Over to you
Becoming a licensed plumber requires training, hands-on experience, and compliance with your state’s licensing requirements.
While the process varies across the United States, obtaining the proper credentials can open the door to better job opportunities, higher earning potential, and long-term plumbing career growth. Check your state’s licensing authority to get started.
ServiceTitan is a comprehensive plumbing business software solution built specifically to help service companies streamline their operations, boost revenue, and achieve growth. Our award-winning, cloud-based platform is trusted by more than 100,000+ contractors across the country.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. How long does it take to become a plumber?
It typically takes four to five years to become a licensed plumber in the U.S. This includes completing an apprenticeship with supervised training and classroom instruction. After that, candidates must pass a licensing exam to become a journeyman. Additional years of experience are needed to become a master plumber or contractor.
Q2. What certifications do licensed plumbers require?
Licensed plumbers typically require state-issued credentials, such as Apprentice, Journeyman, and Master Plumber licenses. Many states also require contractor licenses to operate a business. Additional certifications may include backflow prevention, medical gas installation, gas fitting, and specialized system endorsements. Requirements vary by state and local jurisdiction across the United States.
Q3. How much does a plumbing license cost?
Plumbing license costs vary widely by state and license level. Apprenticeship registration may be low-cost or free, while journeyman exams typically range from $50–$200. Master plumber or contractor licenses can cost $200–$500 or more, plus renewal fees. Additional costs include training, exams, insurance, bonding, and continuing education requirements.
Q4. How can I apply for a plumbing license in my state?
To apply for a plumbing license, identify your state’s licensing board and requirements. Complete an approved apprenticeship or the required training hours. Submit proof of experience, then apply for a journeyman exam. Pass the exam, pay fees, and meet any background, insurance, or bond requirements. Continue gaining experience for more advanced licenses.
ServiceTitan Plumbing Software
ServiceTitan is a comprehensive plumbing business software solution built specifically to help service companies streamline their operations, boost revenue, and achieve growth. Our award-winning, cloud-based platform is trusted by more than 100,000+ contractors across the country.
