The rough-in stage sets out the basic framework for electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems in commercial construction projects.
Comprehensive rough-in plans contribute to safety, quality, and timely project completion. Without organized rough-in procedures, contractors might overlook important components or fail to install systems according to design specifications, leading to potential hazards, project delays, and dissatisfied clients.
This guide aims to help construction professionals understand the rough-in phase, including the rough-in process for different types of systems, best documentation practices, which mistakes to avoid, and how to complete the rough-in process more efficiently.
What Does Rough In Mean in Construction?
Rough in is the initial stage of construction when electrical, HVAC, and plumbing systems are installed. Contractors perform rough-in work after the building’s frame is built but before they add insulation, hang drywall, or pour concrete slabs.
The rough-in phase essentially lays the groundwork for building systems, including the installation of pipes, ductwork, wiring, and mechanical components.
Rough In Timelines: What to Expect
The time it takes for commercial contractors to complete the rough-in process varies from a few weeks to a few months. Factors impacting a rough-in timeline include:
Project size or complexity
Material availability
Coordination and communication of teams
Project change orders
Adherence to code and inspection guidelines
Contractors who focus on organization, communication, and high-quality work complete the rough-in phase more efficiently, saving on labor costs and delivering a better client experience.
Types of Systems Requiring Rough In
Contractors perform rough in for HVAC, plumbing, and electrical systems. Since they install system components behind walls, above ceilings, and under subflooring, they need to complete this portion of the installation and pass inspections before starting the next phase.
Rough-in work varies depending on the trade, type of system, and local building codes. Here’s an overview of rough-in phases for different types of systems.
HVAC rough in
During HVAC rough in, professionals install mechanical components under or within the walls of the structure. While this varies depending on the building and type of equipment, it often includes installing:
Ductwork
Vents
Refrigerant lines
Since HVAC components take up a lot of space, contractors often start with the HVAC rough in first. Later, contractors pour concrete pads and install the equipment, such as air conditioning units or furnaces.
>> Looking for HVAC installation tips? Check out our HVAC installation checklist.
Plumbing rough in
In this initial phase, plumbers install plumbing lines hidden behind walls and under floors. This typically includes the following installations:
Water supply lines (hot water and cold water pipes)
Drain lines
Pipeline connections
Valves
Vents
Drain traps
Cleanouts
Sewage ejector pumps
Fire sprinkler pipes, valves, and connections
Gas lines
Since fixtures like sinks, toilets, and water heaters haven’t been installed in this phase, plumbers cap off plumbing pipes to prepare for the next phase.
>> Want to streamline your rough-in process? Download our plumbing rough-in checklist.
Electrical rough in
During rough in, electricians install wiring for the electrical system. This typically includes installing:
Electrical panel and subpanels
Electrical wiring
Electrical boxes
Cables and conduits
Since this is the initial phase, wiring runs through interior wall studs and ceiling and floor joists to prepare for inspection. During the trim out phase, wires will be connected to the breaker box, outlets, or switches.
>> Need more? Check out our electrician rough-in checklist.
Rough In vs. Final Installation: What’s the Difference?
The rough-in phase occurs before the final installation, when contractors install systems and make final connections. During rough in, professionals install infrastructure components later hidden in the walls, under the floor, or above the ceiling.
Depending on local regulations, building inspectors typically perform rough-in inspections when this phase is complete to ensure the work meets code requirements. Once the project passes inspection, contractors add insulation and drywall, and connect the systems to equipment.
The final phase of construction, often called the finishing or trim-out phase, includes the following.
HVAC
Install and test HVAC equipment
Install grilles and registers
Install and program HVAC controls, such as thermostats
Plumbing
Install plumbing fixtures, such as sinks, toilets, and showers
Install drains and faucets
Install hot water heaters
Connect plumbing to appliances
Electrical
Install electrical outlets and switches
Connect electrical panel components
Install light fixtures
Connect electrical appliances
Best Practices for Completing the Rough-In Phase
To keep projects on schedule (and cash flow moving), contractors must plan ahead and work efficiently. It’s especially crucial for those working as commercial general contractors or project managers to prioritize planning and enhance communication between teams, subcontractors, and project stakeholders.
Follow these best practices to efficiently complete the rough-in phase:
Accurate project timelines: Create realistic project timelines based on the specific work and client’s needs. Use data from previous completed jobs to know how long it takes to finish rough ins so the project stays on schedule.
Material and purchase order planning: Precisely plan required materials and make timely purchase orders so you’re ready when it’s time to begin rough in. Ordering ahead of time also enables contractors to purchase supplies in bulk and save money.
Increase communication: Keep the lines of communication open between your crews, subcontractors, and clients. This enables workers to start and finish phases in a timely fashion and prevents unnecessary project delays. It also contributes to higher client satisfaction.
Effective labor management: Labor management keeps jobs on track and prevents labor costs from spiraling upward. Track job costs while a job progresses to identify red flags and stay on budget.
Quality control checks: Provide crews comprehensive job information so they arrive at the job site with the proper materials, tools, and equipment. Rough in, trim out, and inspection checklists ensure consistent, quality work each time.
Contractors who prepare for the job in advance, follow efficient operational processes, and monitor job progress increase performance and revenue.
>> Want more best practices? Delve into our Commercial Contractor Playbook.
Avoid Common Rough In Mistakes
It’s easy for busy contractors to lose track of project details, but it ends up costing more in the long run. Proper planning and execution ensure quality work, fewer setbacks, and satisfied clients.
Some common rough-in mistakes to avoid include:
Failure to plan: Jumping into a job without proper planning or communication can result in an empty job site for days, weeks, or even months. Order materials in advance to make sure crews have what they need to complete each phase of their work safely and efficiently.
Lack of communication: Planning and communicating go hand-in-hand. If you’re ready to begin rough in but crews or subcontractors are tied up at other jobs, you’re likely going to experience project delays. Communicate and coordinate schedules to keep jobs starting and finishing on time.
Escalating project costs: If it takes longer to complete rough in than initially planned or additional materials are needed for the project, costs can increase quickly. Monitor budgeted vs. actual job costs to spot potential problems before they become serious issues.
Inferior documentation process: Failing to properly follow procedures and documenting at the job site can lead to shoddy work, redos, and safety hazards. Instruct crews to follow proper processes, such as completing checklists and taking photos of their finished work. The right documentation ensures crews complete the necessary work for each phase and you properly bill the client for your work.
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Follow Safety Measures During the Rough-in Process
It’s especially important during the rough-in phase to follow proper safety measures and comply with local building codes, because this phase sets the groundwork for HVAC, plumbing, and electrical systems to function safely and efficiently.
Safety measures include:
Provide safety training for your crews, such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration construction industry training.
Wear proper personal protective equipment.
Follow codes for the specific trades, such as the International Plumbing Code and the National Fire Protection Association’s National Electrical Code®.
Follow additional local building code regulations.
Keep an organized work environment to prevent trips and falls.
Use the proper tools for the job.
Properly document any incidents that occur.
Materials and Tools Needed for Rough In
Use the right materials and tools to ensure a safe job site and quality work. While the specific materials and tools depend on the type of project, they could include:
PEX or PVC pipes
Plumbing connections, fittings, and valves
Wires, cables, and conduits
Ductwork
Junction boxes
Pliers, wrenches, and crimpers
Tape measures and levels
Drills
Saws
Screwdrivers and hammers
Zip ties
>> Want a comprehensive tool list? Check out our lists for the best HVAC tools, plumbing tools, and electrician tools.
How ServiceTitan Enables Teams to Perform Efficient Rough Ins
ServiceTitan commercial service software enables contractors to track every aspect of a job from start to finish, increasing efficiency in the field and boosting their bottom line.
ServiceTitan’s leading business management platform empowers contractors to effectively plan and schedule complex construction jobs, track real-time job progress, and improve overall performance.
Centralize data to enhance planning and communication
A centralized, cloud-based hub enables contractors to plan months in advance, scheduling the right crews for the right job. ServiceTitan simplifies scheduling for multi-day projects to keep everyone in your team on track.
A centralized location increases communication between your project managers and crews, and improves:
Material purchasing
Inventory tracking
Project tracking and performance
Customer relationship management
Invoicing
Timesheets and payroll
ServiceTitan connects every aspect of your business to boost efficiency and provide real-time visibility.
Create efficient procedures in the office and field
ServiceTitan automates and simplifies tasks to increase accuracy and save time. Using the ServiceTitan technician app, techs know what each job entails ahead of time and arrive prepared at the job site. Contractors can upload customized checklists and inspections to ensure accurate, consistent work at specific points of the job cycle. It also allows techs to upload photos in the field to capture important details and protect the integrity of your work.
In the office, tools simplify tasks from booking to invoicing. Customer data auto populates to eliminate redundant tasks. Professional invoice templates, batch invoicing, and the ability to accept electronic client payments ensures you invoice on time and get paid faster.
Track project costs to improve performance and profit
ServiceTitan’s ability to capture real-time job costs means you stay in the know at every phase of the construction project. Job costing software provides a clear view into equipment, materials, purchase orders, commissions, and labor units, so you know exactly how your costs break down. It also gives you insight into which jobs or types of construction projects are most profitable for your business. Full visibility through custom reporting enables you to make better decisions, improve performance, and focus on growing your business.
Ready to improve your commercial services business with ServiceTitan? Book a demo today to learn more.
